Articles

 How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution? 

There are 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices with more than 100 amendments in the Indian Constitution. Not every article of the Indian Constitution is a must to know for UPSC Exams. Hence, all those articles in the Indian Constitution that are important from the IAS exam perspective are given below: 

There are 25 parts of the Indian Constitution. They are mentioned in the table below: 

Parts of the Indian Constitution	Mentioned in the Part	Articles in Indian Constitution
Part I	Union & Its Territory	Article 1-4
Part II	Citizenship	Article 5-11
Part III	Fundamental Rights	Article 12-35
Part IV	Directive Principles	Article 36-51
Part IV A	Fundamental Duties	Article 51A
Part V	The Union	Article 52-151
Part VI	The States	Article 152-237
Part VII	Note: 7th Amendment Act, 1956 repealed Part 7	–
Part VIII	The Union Territories	Article 239-242
Part IX	The Panchayats	Article 243-243O
Part IX A	The Municipalities	Article 243P-243ZG
Part IX B	Co-operative Societies	Article 243ZH-243ZT
Part X	Scheduled and Tribal Areas	Article 244-244A
Part XI	Relation between Union & States	Article 245-263
Part XII	Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits	Article 264-300A
Part XIII	Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territory of India	Article 301-307
Part XIV	Services under the Union and States	Article 308-323
Part XIV A	Tribunals	Article 323A-323B
Part XV	Elections	Article 324-329A
Part XVI	Special Provisions relating to certain classes	Article 330-342
Part XVII	Official Languages	Article 343-351
Part XVIII	Emergency Provisions	Article 352-360
Part XIX	Miscellaneous	Article 361-367
Part XX	Amendment of the Constitution	Article 368
Part XXI	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions	Article 369-392
Part XXII	Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in  Hindi and Repeals	Article 393-395

The description of the Indian articles entailing the Parts of the Indian Constitution is given below: 

 

• Article 1 – Name and territory of the union. 

• Article 2 – Admission and establishment of the new state. 

• Article 3 – Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and name of existing states. 

 

• Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution. 

• Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan. 

• Article 10 – Continuance of rights of citizenship. 

• Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. 

 

• Article 12 – Definition of the state. 

• Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. 

Initially, the Constitution of India provided 7 basic fundamental rights, now there are only 6. The Right to property U/A 31 was removed from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978.   A legal right U/A 300–A was made and included in Part XII of the constitution. 

 

• Article 14 – Equality before the law. 

• Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. 

• Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. 

• Article 17 – Abolition of the untouchability. 

• Article 18 – Abolition of titles. 

 

• Article 19 – Guarantees to all the citizens the six rights and they are: 

• a – Freedom of speech and expression. 

• b – Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms. 

• c – Freedom to form associations or unions. 

• d – Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India. 

• e – Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India. 

• f – Omitted 

• g – Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. 

• Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences. 

• Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty. 

• Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. 

 

• Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 

• Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children (Under the age of 14) in factories and mines. 

 

• Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 

• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs. 

• Article 27 – Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 

• Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction. 

Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 and Article 30 

• Article 29 – Protection of interest of minorities. 

• Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. 

Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32 

• Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. 

 

• Article 36 – Definition 

• Article 37– Application of DPSP (Read about Directive Principles of States Policy in the linked article) 

• Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid 

• Article 40 – Organization of a village panchayat 

• Article 41 – Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases 

• Article 43 – Living Wages, etc. for workers. 

• Article 43A – Participation of workers in the management of industries. 

• Article 44 – Uniform civil code. ( applicable in Goa only) 

• Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children. 

• Article 46 – Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), and OBC. 

• Article 47– Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. 

• Article 48 – Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry. 

• Article 49 – Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance. 

• Article 50 – Separation of judiciary from the executive. 

• Article 51 – Promotion of international peace and security. 

 

There are 11 fundamental duties. 42nd amendment act 1976 added 10 fundamental duties. 86th amendment act 2002 added one more to the list. 

 

• Article 52 – The President of India 

• Article 53 – Executive Power of the union 

• Article 54 – Election of President 

• Article 61 – Procedure for Impeachment of the President 

• Article 63 – The Vice–president of India 

• Article 64 – The Vice–President to be ex–officio chairman the council of States 

• Article 66 – Election of Vice–president 

• Article 72 – Pardoning powers of President 

• Article 74 – Council of ministers to aid and advise President 

• Article 76 – Attorney–General for India 

• Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament 

• Article 80 – Composition of Rajya Sabha 

• Article 81 – Composition of Lok Sabha 

• Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament 

• Article 93 – The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people 

• Article 105 – Powers, Privileges, etc. of the House of Parliament 

• Article 109 – Special procedure in respects of money bills 

• Article 110 – Definition of “Money Bills” 

• Article 112 – Annual Financial Budget 

• Article 114 –Appropriation Bills 

• Article 123 – Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament 

• Article 124 – Establishment of Supreme Court 

• Article 125 – Salaries of Judges 

• Article 126 – Appointment of acting Chief justice 

• Article 127 – Appointment of ad–hoc judges 

• Article 128 –Attendance of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court 

• Article 129 – Supreme Court to be a court of Record 

• Article 130 – Seat of the Supreme Court 

• Article 136 – Special leaves for an appeal to the Supreme Court 

• Article 137 – Review of judgment or orders by the Supreme Court 

• Article 141 – Decision of the Supreme Court of India binding on all the courts 

• Article 148 – Comptroller and Auditor– General of India 

• Article 149 – Duties and Powers of CAG 

 

• Article 153 – Governors of State 

• Article 154 – Executive Powers of Governor 

• Article 161 – Pardoning powers of the Governor 

• Article 165 – Advocate–General of the State 

• Article 213 – Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances 

• Article 214 – High Courts for states 

• Article 215 – High Courts to be a court of record 

• Article 226 – Power of High Courts to issue certain writs 

• Article 233 – Appointment of District judges 

• Article 235 – Control over Subordinate Courts 

Read about High Courts in India and Types of Writs in the linked articles below: 

High Courts in India

Types of Writs

   

• Article 243A – Gram Sabha 

• Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats (Read about Panchayati Raj in the linked article.) 

    

• Article 266 – Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund 

• Article 267 – Contingency Fund of India 

• Article 280 – Finance Commission 

• Article 300 A – Right to property 

Read about Types of Funds in India and the Finance Commission of India in the linked articles below: 

Types of Funds in India

Finance Commission of India

 

• Article 301 – Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse 

• Article 302 – Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse. 

 

• Article 312 – All– India–Service 

• Article 315 – Public service commissions for the union and for the states (Know all about PSC Exams in the linked article.) 

• Article 320 – Functions of Public Service Commission 

 

• Article 323A – Administrative Tribunals 

 

• Article 324 – Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission 

• Article 325 – No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex 

• Article 326 – Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage 

 

• Article 338 – National Commission for the SC & ST 

• Article 340 – Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes 

 

• Article 343 – Official languages of the Union 

• Article 345 – Official languages or languages of a state 

• Article 348 – Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts 

• Article 351 – Directive for development of the Hindi languages 

 

• Article 352 – Proclamation of emergency (National Emergency) 

• Article 356 – State Emergency (President’s Rule) 

• Article 360 – Financial Emergency (Read more about Article 356 in the linked article. 

 

• Article 361 – Protection of President and Governors 

 

• Article 368 – Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution 

 

• Article 370 – Temporary Provision for the erstwhile State of J&K (diluted on August 5 & 6, 2019). 

• Article 371 A –  Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland 

• Article 371 J – Special Status for Hyderabad–Karnataka region 

 

• Article 393 – Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India 

Also, refer to | Topic-Wise GS 2 Questions from UPSC Mains 

Schedules of the Indian Constitution and Important Articles 

There are 12 Schedules in the Indian Constitution. These, along with the Indian articles of the Constitution are mentioned below:  

Schedules of Indian Constitution	Indian Constitution Articles
First Schedule	Article 1 and Article 4
Second Schedule	Articles:  59  65  75  97  125  148  158  164  186  221
Third Schedule	Articles:  75  84  99  124  146  173  188  219
Fourth Schedule	Article 4 and Article 80
Fifth Schedule	Article 244
Sixth Schedule	Article 244 and Article 275
Seventh Schedule	Article 246
Eighth Schedule	Article 344 and Article 351
Ninth Schedule	Article 31-B
Tenth Schedule	Article 102 and Article 191
Eleventh Schedule	Article 243-G
Twelfth Schedule	Article 243-W

Aspirants can read more about the 12 Schedules of the Indian Constitution from the linked article. 

List of other Important Articles in the Indian Constitution 

Knowing these Indian Constitution articles will help aspirants score well in Polity section. However, not all of them are important for prelims and UPSC Mains examination. The important articles in the Indian Constitution for civil services examination are given in the table below: 

Important Articles of the Indian Constitution	Importance of Indian Articles
Article 12-35	Fundamental Rights
Article 36-50	Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 51A	Fundamental Duties
Article 80	Number of Seats in Rajya Sabha
Article 243-243 (o)	Panchayati Raj Institutions
Article 343	Hindi as Official Language
Article 356	Imposition of President’s Rule
Article 370	Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir
Article 395	Repeals Indian Independence Act and Government of India Act 1919

The Constitution of India is created by a constituent assembly and adopted by its people with a declaration in the preamble to the constitution; hence it divulges constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy and Parliament cannot override the constitution. 

How to remember important articles in the Indian Constitution for UPSC 

Memorizing all 448 articles of the Indian Constitution and reproducing them in the civil services exam is not an easy task. It is difficult to learn everything. Below are a few tips to remember the important articles of the Indian Constitution: 

Articles Related to Emergency Provisions
Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency.	Add the magic number ‘4’	Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States		Article 360: Financial Emergency

Article for Centre	Add the magic number 90	Corresponding Article for State
Article 112: Annual financial statement for Union		Article 202: Annual financial statement for State
Article 113: Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates		Article 203: Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
Article 114: Appropriation Bills		Article 204: Appropriation Bills
Article 115: Supplementary, additional or excess grants		Article 205: Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Article 116: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants		Article 206: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Article 117: Special provisions as to financial Bills		Article 207: Special provisions as to financial Bills
Article 118: Rules of procedure		Article 208: Rules of procedure
Article 119: Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business		Article 209: Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business
Article 120: Language to be used in Parliament.		Article 210: Language to be used in Legislature
Article 121: Restriction on discussion in Parliament		Article 211: Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
Article 122: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament		Article 212: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Legislature
Article 123: Power of President to promulgate Ordinances		Article 213: Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances
Article 124: Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court		Article 214: High Courts for States

Article for Centre	Add the magic number ‘89’	Corresponding article for State
Article 72: Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases		Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advice President.		Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
Article 75: Other provisions as to Ministers		Article: 164: Other provisions as to Ministers
Article 76: Attorney General for India		Article 165: Advocate General for the State
Article 77: Conduct of business of the Government of India		Article 166: Conduct of business of the Government of a State
Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.		Article 167: Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
Article 79: Constitution of Parliament		Article 168: Constitution of Legislatures in States
Article 85: Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution		Article 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
Article 86: Right of President to address and send messages to Houses		Article 175: Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
Article 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses		Article 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Article 102: Disqualifications for membership		Article 192: Disqualifications for membership
Article 105: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof		Article 194: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
Article 100: Voting in Houses, the power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum		Article 189: Voting in Houses, the power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Article 111: Assent to Bills (President)		Article 200: Assent to Bills (Governor)
Article 110: Definition of Money Bills		Article 199: Definition of “Money Bills” in State Legislature

Remember significant articles in Indian Constitution through Mnemonics- 

This is an age-old trick used to memorize a lot of content. Make a string of words or a sentence using key letters from the articles. This way you will be able to recall them faster and with minimum effort. Make your own mnemonics in order to be able to memorize vast quantities of data. For e.g. : 

U – Union 

C – Citizenship 

F – Fundamental rights 

D – Directive Principles 

F – Fundamental Duties 

U – Union 

S – States 

U – Union Territories 

P – Panchayat 

M – Municipality 

S – Scheduled 

R– Relation between Union and State 

P– Prohibition 

H-Habeas Corpus 

C– Certiorari 

Man– Mandamus 

Qu– Quo Warranto     

If we look at the previous year’s UPSC question papers, we can come across at least one question related to the Constitution of India. Hence, knowing the importance of the Constitution of India in the IAS exam is essential. This article will mention the must-know articles of our Indian Constitution. 

Conclusion 

Indian Constitution Articles are a very important part of the Indian Polity. Indian Polity is an important subject in UPSC Mains GS 2. Various questions are targeted at this topic and many others in GS-II and also in Prelims. Candidates can get the UPSC Mains GS 2 Strategy and Syllabus for the trend analysis of other subjects too. 

 

U Can Fix Deposit From United States Using Pre Mature Special Rate. 

Polly Has Certified ManneQuins